t(2;7)(p11;q21) IGK/CDK6
t(7;14)(q21;q32) IGH/CDK6
t(7;22)(q21;q11) IGL/CDK6
2021-02-01 Elise Chapiro , Elise Chapiro , Elise Chapiro
Affiliation
1.Cytogénétique Hématologique, Service dHématologie Biologique, Hpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP,.Sorbonne Université. Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS_1138, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Paris, France [email protected]; [email protected] (EC, FNK), Laboratoire dHématologie, Hpital Robert Debré, Reims, France [email protected] (BG)
2.Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers; CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France
Abstract
Translocations involving the CDK6 gene are rare but recurrent abnormalities in mature B-cell neoplasms, mainly marginal zone lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Four different translocations have been described: t(2;7)(p11;q21) (the most frequent), t(7;14)(q21;q32), t(7;14)(q21;q11) and t(7;22)(q21;q11), leading to juxtaposition of the CDK6 gene with the IGK, IGH, TRA or IGL locus, respectively, and thus CDK6 overexpression.
Clinics and Pathology
Disease
To date, t(2;7) and its variants have been documented in about 100 cases: mainly marginal zone lymphoma (sMZL) (about 2/3 of patients) and Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (~15%), but also high-grade B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, unclassified small B-cell lymphoma and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (marginal-zone type). One case of nodal MZL, one bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma, and one gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma were also reported.
Epidemiology
The frequency is estimated to 0.32% of mature B-cell neoplasms (Gaillard et al., 2020).
Cytology
A small proportion of prolymphocytic cells are mixed with classical marginal zone cells in about 70% of t(CDK6)+ MZL (Gaillard et al., 2020).
Pathology
The expression of CD5 is frequent in t(CDK6)+ lymphomas (more than half of cases) (Gaillard et al., 2020).
Prognosis
Prognosis seems good. In a series of 47 t(CDK6)+ MZL and small B-cell lymphomas, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was above 80%. The presence of del(17p) or a TP53 mutation does not appear to influence OS (Gaillard et al., 2020).
Note
The great majority of t(CDK6)+ MZL and small B-cell lymphomas carry IGHV mutations. The most frequent IGHV genes identified are V3-23 and V4-59 (14% and 10% respectively). The IGHV1-02*04 gene, the most frequent allele in classical splenic MZL, is not found.
Mutations in TP53 gene are frequent (27%). No mutations in NOTCH2 (Gaillard et al., 2020).
Mutations in TP53 gene are frequent (27%). No mutations in NOTCH2 (Gaillard et al., 2020).
Cytogenetics
Figure 2. Top: t(2;7)(p11;q21) : FISH IGK (DC BA)(316G9) (SG) (526L16-1021F11)(SO) (2p11) - Courtesy Karolien Beel, Peter Meeus and Lucienne Michaux (CME Leuven); Second to fourth rows: - Courtesy Elise Chapiro (Paris) A and B: t(2;7)(p11;q21) A. FISH with the home-made break-apart CDK6 probe (RP11-246N14 labeled in FITC + RP11-90H9 labeled in Rhodamine). B. IGK (2p11) break-apart probe (Cytocell). C and D: t(7;14)(q21;q11) C. Home-made break-apart CDK6 probe (RP11-246N14 labeled in FITC + RP11-90H9 labeled in Rhodamine). D. TRAD (14q11) break-apart probe (Cytocell). E and F: t(7;14)(q21;q32) E. Home-made break-apart CDK6 probe (RP11-246N14 labeled in FITC + RP11-90H9 labeled in Rhodamine). F. IGH (14q32) break-apart probe Vysis (Abbott).
Cytogenetics morphological
The translocation t(2;7) is described in the great majority of cases (> 90%), mainly splenic marginal zone lymphomas (sMZL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Variant translocations are more frequent in CLL; t(7;22) IGL/CDK6 (reported in only one case) and t(7;14) IGH/CDK6 are restricted to CLL. The t(7;14) TRA/CDK6 has been described in four cases: two CLL and two sMZL.
Cytogenetics molecular
FISH analyses revealed that the breakpoint in IGK is located in the IGKV proximal region in the majority of the patients. In one third, the breakpoint is more centromeric (in the IGKV distal region).
Figure 3.
Additional anomalies
Additional abnormalities are found in 2/3 of cases. Complex karyotypes (>3 abnormalities) are frequent (about half of cases). The most frequent additional chromosomal aberrations are: del(17p)) involving the TP53 gene, del(13q14), del(8p), trisomy 3, 8q gain, trisomy 12 and trisomy 18. Del(7q) is rare contrary to classical sMZL.
Genes Involved and Proteins
Gene name
CDK6 (cyclin dependent kinase 6)
Location
7q21.2
Note
Alias: PLSTIRE
Protein description
CDK6 is highly homologous to CDK4. CDK6 has a kinase-dependent activity in the cell cycle progression (regulation of the G1 early phase), survival, differentiation, and senescence that requires binding to D-type cyclin (CCND1, CCND2 and CCND3). CDK6 also acts as a chromatin-bound cofactor that in a kinase-independent manner induces transcription of genes regulating angiogenesis, cell cycle inhibition, stem cell activation and immune response. (for review, see Nebenfuehr et al., 2020).
Gene name
IGH (Immunoglobulin Heavy)
Location
14q32.33
Note
Alias: IGHDY1, IGH@
Protein description
Immunoglobulin heavy chain: part of the B-cell receptor (BCR).
Gene name
IGK: (Immunoglobulin Kappa)
Location
2p11.2
Note
Alias: IGK@
Protein description
Immunoglobulin light chain: part of the B-cell receptor (BCR)
Gene name
TRA (T Cell Receptor Alpha)
Location
14q11.2
Note
Alias: TCRA, TRA@
Protein description
T-cell receptor alpha: part of the T-cell receptor complex
Gene name
IGL (Immunoglobulin Lambda)
Location
22q11.2
Note
Alias: IGL@
Protein description
Immunoglobulin light chain: part of the B-cell receptor (BCR)
Result of the Chromosomal Anomaly
Description
The translocation juxtaposes CDK6 close to IG(/TCR) enhancers which are constitutively active in B-cells. The sequencing of the t(2;7) breakpoints revealed that junction sites on 2p11 localized to the recombination signal sequences (RSS) of a gene segment belonging to the VK3 family of IGK variable genes, while the breakpoints on 7q21 mapped to an RSS-like element located approximately 0.5 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the CDK6 gene. These observations strongly suggest that the VJ or VDJ recombination machinery is involved in the formation of this translocation (Parker et al., 2013).
Oncogenesis
Overexpression of CDK6 was demonstrated (Corcoran et al., 1999; Brito-Babapulle et al., 2002; Hayette et al., 2003).
Highly cited references
| Pubmed ID | Year | Title | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33314017 | 2021 | Clinical and biological features of B-cell neoplasms with CDK6 translocations: an association with a subgroup of splenic marginal zone lymphomas displaying frequent CD5 expression, prolymphocytic cells, and TP53 abnormalities. | 0 |
Article Bibliography
| Reference Number | Pubmed ID | Last Year | Title | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18023866 | 2008 | New chromosomal alterations in a series of 23 splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients revealed by Spectral Karyotyping (SKY). | Baró C et al |
| 2 | 11940479 | 2002 | Translocation t(2;7)(p12;q21-22) with dysregulation of the CDK6 gene mapping to 7q21-22 in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemia. | Brito-Babapulle V et al |
| 3 | 19145199 | 2009 | Clinicopathologic features of CDK6 translocation-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. | Chen D et al |
| 4 | 10597225 | 1999 | Dysregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 6 expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma through chromosome 7q translocations. | Corcoran MM et al |
| 5 | 33314017 | 2021 | Clinical and biological features of B-cell neoplasms with CDK6 translocations: an association with a subgroup of splenic marginal zone lymphomas displaying frequent CD5 expression, prolymphocytic cells, and TP53 abnormalities. | Gailllard B et al |
| 6 | 12900351 | 2003 | In B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, 7q21 translocations lead to overexpression of the CDK6 gene. | Hayette S et al |
| 7 | 32406095 | 2020 | The role of CDK6 in cancer. | Nebenfuehr S et al |
| 8 | 8136270 | 1993 | Cytogenetic studies in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. | Oscier DG et al |
| 9 | 21665179 | 2011 | Molecular characterization of a t(2;7) translocation linking CDK6 to the IGK locus in CD5(-) monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. | Parker E et al |
| 10 | 17989713 | 2008 | The prevalence of IG translocations and 7q32 deletions in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. | Remstein ED et al |
| 11 | 20479288 | 2010 | Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group. | Salido M et al |
| 12 | 6305826 | 1983 | Karyotype analysis of B-lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus in 21 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | Vahdati M et al |
| 13 | 9264372 | 1997 | Involvement of a human endogenous retroviral sequence (THE-7) in a t(7;14)(q21;q32) chromosomal translocation associated with a B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | Wahbi K et al |
| 14 | 25178943 | 2014 | Translocation t(2;7)(p11.2;q21.2): a rare genetic aberration associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of marginal-zone origin. | Xochelli A et al |
Summary
Fusion gene
IGK/CDK6 IGK (14q32.33) CDK6 (7q21.2) M t(2;7)(p11;q21)
Fusion gene
IGH/CDK6 IGH (14q32.33) CDK6 (7q21.2) M t(7;14)(q21;q32)
Fusion gene
IGL/CDK6 IGL (22q11.22) CDK6 (7q21.2) M t(7;22)(q21;q11)
Figure 1. Translocation t(2;7)(p11;q21) and variants. Left: t(2;7)(p11;q21) IGK /CDK6. R-banding, Top: - Courtesy Karolien Beel, Peter Meeus and Lucienne Michaux (CME Leuven); Middle (R-banding) and Bottom (G-banding): - Courtesy Baptiste Gaillard (Reims), Elise Chapiro (Paris) and Audrey Bidet (Bordeaux); Center and Right: t(7;14)(q21;q11) and t(7;14)(q21;q32) - Courtesy Baptiste Gaillard (Reims), Elise Chapiro (Paris) and Audrey Bidet (Bordeaux)
Citation
Elise Chapiro ; Elise Chapiro ; Elise Chapiro
t(2;7)(p11;q21) IGK/CDK6
t(7;14)(q21;q32) IGH/CDK6
t(7;22)(q21;q11) IGL/CDK6
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2021-02-01
Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/haematological/1361/t(2;7)(p11;q21)-igk-cdk6-br-t(7;14)(q21;q32)-igh-cdk6-br-t(7;22)(q21;q11)-igl-cdk6
Historical Card
2009-02-01 t(2;7)(p11;q21) IGK/CDK6
t(7;14)(q21;q32) IGH/CDK6
t(7;22)(q21;q11) IGL/CDK6 by Jean-Loup Huret
Affiliation
Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers; CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France
