t(9;14)(p13;q32) PAX5/IGH

2002-10-01   Pascale De Paepe , Frank Speleman , Bruce Poppe 

1.Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital MRB, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

Clinics and Pathology

Disease

Rare recurrent chromosomal aberration, exclusively detected in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

Phenotype stem cell origin

B lymphocyte.

Epidemiology

Originally reported to be associated with a low-grade mature B-cell phenotype with plasmacytoid differentiation such as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, multiple myeloma/ plasma cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the relatively frequent occurrence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with or without a preceding faze of a low-grade lymphoma, suggests that this chromosomal aberration has a much wider clinical spectrum or is associated with disease progression. In addition, the t(9;14)(p13;q32) has been described occasionally in follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

Prognosis

No prognostic relevance has been attributed to the presence of the t(9;14)(p13;q32).

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics morphological

The t(9;14)(p13;q32) is readily recognisable with G- as well as R-banding. The presence of complex chromosomal aberrations, however, can mask the presence of this rearrangement.
Atlas Image
Dual and triple colour hybridisations demonstrating the presence of a t(9;14)(p13;q32) resulting in PAX5/IGH rearrangement. A,B: partial metaphase and interphase nucleus cohybridized with PAX5 locus specific probes (yellow) and dual colour interphaze cytogenetics using IgH flanking probes (red) and PAX5 locus specific probes.

Additional anomalies

No recurrent additional aberrations have been described. However, the majority of t(9;14)(p13;q32) have been reported in addition to complex chromosomal aberrations.

Variants

In addition to the t(9;14)(p13;q32), other translocations presumably involving the immunoglobulin light chain genes and PAX5 have been reported, such as the t(2;9)(p12;p13) and the t(9;22)(p13;q11).

Genes Involved and Proteins

Gene name
IGH (Immunoglobulin Heavy)
Location
14q32.33
Gene name
PAX5 (paired box gene 5)
Location
9p13.2
Dna rna description
The PAX5 coding region extends over a genomic interval of approximately 200kb and comprises 10 exons. Two alternative transcripts have been identified, originating from alternative promotor usage, containing exon 1A or 1B. Full length mRNA is 3650bp.
Protein description
PAX5 belongs to the paired box family of transcription factors, involved in a multitude of developmental processes. PAX5 was originally identified as a B-cell specific transcription factor (hence its original name, BSAP). Recently it has been shown that PAX5 expression is continuously required in B cell lineage commitment during early B cell development.

Result of the Chromosomal Anomaly

Description

Translocation of the entire PAX5 gene to chromosome 14. The breakpoints at 9p13 are heterogeneous and can reside up to 200kb upstream (i.e. centromeric) of PAX5.

Detection protocole

The variability of the chromosomal breakpoints at 9p13 as well 14q32 precludes genomic PCR approaches for detection of IgH PAX5 juxtaposition. In addition, the expression pattern of PAX5 hampers RT-PCR methods for demonstrating elevated PAX5 expression in B-cell proliferations with suspected or proven PAX5 rearrangement. Currently, the only methods for detecting IgH PAX5 juxtaposition reliably include conventional and molecular cytogenetics.

Description

In analogy to other 14q32 rearrangements, no fusion gene is created by the translocation. Rather, the genomic rearrangement leads to forced PAX5 expression.

Oncogenesis

In contrast to the novel insights in the role of PAX5 in B-cell lineage commitment, little is know on the role of PAX5 in the malignant transformation of B cells. The recent demonstration of PAX5 hypermutation in diffuse large-cell lymphomas, in addition to PAX5 overexpression associated with the t(9;14), suggest that PAX5 acts as a dominant oncogene.

Highly cited references

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
319554512020Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma carrying t(9;14)(p13;q32)/PAX5-immunoglobulin heavy chain gene is characterized by nuclear positivity of MUM1 and PAX5 by immunohistochemistry.2
347070372021t(9;14)(p13;q32)/PAX5-IGH translocation as a secondary cytogenetic abnormality in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.0

Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
98921031999High incidence of cryptic translocations involving the Ig heavy chain gene in multiple myeloma, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization.Avet-Loiseau H et al
21163621990A novel B-cell lineage-specific transcription factor present at early but not late stages of differentiation.Barberis A et al
86502311996Deregulation of PAX-5 by translocation of the Emu enhancer of the IgH locus adjacent to two alternative PAX-5 promoters in a diffuse large-cell lymphoma.Busslinger M et al
89438441996The t(9;14)(p13;q32) chromosomal translocation associated with lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma involves the PAX-5 gene.Iida S et al
120987022002Reversion of B cell commitment upon loss of Pax5 expression.Mikkola I et al
105246221999Commitment to the B-lymphoid lineage depends on the transcription factor Pax5.Nutt SL et al
13847921992t(9;14)(p13;q32) denotes a subset of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation.Offit K et al
107843872000The t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Ohno H et al
114601662001Hypermutation of multiple proto-oncogenes in B-cell diffuse large-cell lymphomas.Pasqualucci L et al
115794662001Detection of illegitimate rearrangement within the immunoglobulin locus on 14q32.3 in B-cell malignancies using end-sequenced probes.Poulsen TS et al

Summary

Atlas Image
t(9;14)(p13;q32) PAX5/IGH G- banding Upper row left: -Courtesy Bruce Poppe, Pascale De Paepe, Frank Speleman, middle - Courtesy Jean-Luc Lai, Middle row - Courtesy Diane H. Norback, Eric B. Johnson, Sara Morrison-Delap. Bottom row: R-banded karyotype and (right) FISH using dual color break apart probe PAX5/9p13 (Empire genomics) - Courtesy Karolien Beel, Peter Meeus, Geneviu00e8ve Ameye and Lucienne Michaux

Citation

Pascale De Paepe ; Frank Speleman ; Bruce Poppe

t(9;14)(p13;q32) PAX5/IGH

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2002-10-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/haematological/2018/t(9;14)(p13;q32)-pax5-igh