t(12;12)(p13;q13) ETV6/BAZ2A
2013-03-01 Jean-Loup Huret Affiliation1.Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France
Clinics and Pathology
Disease
Acute leukemias
Clinics
Out of 5 cases herein taken into account, 3 cases presented with a rearranged ETV6 gene, and only one of these cases was identified to carry an ETV6/BAZ2A hybrid gene. This case was a 3-year-old girl with a pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (CD10+ ALL). She achieved complete remission (CR), and was remaining in CR 18 months after diagnosis (Panagopoulos et al., 2006). The 2 other ETV6+ cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases: a 77-year-old male patient with AML-M2. Complete remission was achieved; he relapsed and died of sepsis (Saitoh et al., 2002); and a 46-year-old female patient with treatment related AML-M2, developping years after treatment for breast cancer; the patient has been in continuous relapse for the last 4 months after onset of AML (Manola et al., 2008). The 2 last cases were: a 4-years-old boy with ALL; the patient was alive 27 months after diagnosis (Heerema et al., 1985); and a 62-years-old female patient with AML-M6 with a 2 months survival (Mazzella et al., 1998). Altogether, this makes 2 pediatric ALL cases, and 3 adult AML cases, with perhaps different prognoses between the two categories. Excluded here is a case of refractory anemia with excess blasts with HMGA2 involvement (Odero et al., 2005), although the 4 above mentionned cases where BAZ2A was not studied may also have had a HMGA2 rearrangement.
Genes Involved and Proteins
Gene name
ETV6 (ets variant 6)
Location
12p13.2
Protein description
ETV6 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the ETS family. ETV6 displays a HLH domain (also referred to as the pointed (PNT) or sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain), responsible for hetero- and homodimerization, a central domain involved in the recruitment of a repression complex including NCOR2 and SIN3, and an ETS domain, responsible for sequence specific DNA-binding to DNA-responsive elements. Repression involves the recruitment of co-repressor complexes and HDACs or the recruitment of L3MBTL-containing polycomb group-complexes that facilitate repression by chromatin remodeling. ETV6 binds to nuclear receptors RARA and RXRA and represses gene activation. ETV6 is as a selective and essential regulator of stem cells, important in vitelline angiogenesis and in bone marrow hematopoiesis. ETV6 expands erythroid precursors and stimulates hemoglobin synthesis (Knezevich, 2005; Eguchi-Ishimae et al., 2009; Meester-Smoor et al., 2011).
Gene name
BAZ2A (bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2A)
Location
12q13.3
Protein description
BAZ2A comprises from N-term to C-term a MBD (methyl-CpG-binding) domain, 2 AT hooks, a DDT (DNA binding homeobox and different transcription factors), 2 AT hooks again, a PHD-type zinc finger, and a bromo domain. The bromo domain and the PHD-type zinc finger recognize and bind histone H4. These 2 domains play a central role in the recruitment of chromatin silencing proteins such as DNMT1, DNMT3B and HDAC1 (Swiss-Prot). The NoRC (nucleolar remodeling complex) comprises BAZ2A and SMARCA5. A mechanism for silencing active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes is the recruitment by TTF1 (transcription termination factor-1) of NoRC to the promoter of rRNAs in the nucleolus. PARP1, component of the machinery that establishes and maintains silent rDNA chromatin during cell division, binds to BAZ2A (Guetg et al., 2012). BAZ2A is up-regulated in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Hanlon et al., 2009).
Result of the Chromosomal Anomaly
Transcript
Transcript consisting of exons 1 and 2 of ETV6 and a sequence from intron 1 of BAZ2A. This transcript is not expected to produce any chimeric protein.
Description
The transcript may encode a truncated form of ETV6, containing the first 54 amino acids (aa) of ETV6, followed by 16 aa from the 3 fusion sequence.
Article Bibliography
| Pubmed ID | Last Year | Title | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19302286 | 2009 | Leukemia-related transcription factor TEL/ETV6 expands erythroid precursors and stimulates hemoglobin synthesis. | Eguchi-Ishimae M et al |
| 22405650 | 2012 | Inheritance of silent rDNA chromatin is mediated by PARP1 via noncoding RNA. | Guetg C et al |
| 19779621 | 2009 | Investigating the targets of MIR-15a and MIR-16-1 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). | Hanlon K et al |
| 3857967 | 1985 | Karyotypic and clinical findings in a consecutive series of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. | Heerema NA et al |
| 18068531 | 2008 | Disruption of the ETV6 gene as a consequence of a rare translocation (12;12)(p13;q13) in treatment-induced acute myeloid leukemia after breast cancer. | Manola KN et al |
| 9802343 | 1998 | Acute erythroleukemia: evaluation of 48 cases with reference to classification, cell proliferation, cytogenetics, and prognosis. | Mazzella FM et al |
| 21949683 | 2011 | The ETS family member TEL binds to nuclear receptors RAR and RXR and represses gene activation. | Meester-Smoor MA et al |
| 15618963 | 2005 | Disruption and aberrant expression of HMGA2 as a consequence of diverse chromosomal translocations in myeloid malignancies. | Odero MD et al |
| 16643428 | 2006 | Fusion of ETV6 with an intronic sequence of the BAZ2A gene in a paediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a cryptic chromosome 12 rearrangement. | Panagopoulos I et al |
| 12393285 | 2002 | Different clones of t(1;12)/t(12;12) involving the ETV6 gene in a case of acute myeloid leukemia. | Saitoh T et al |
Summary
Fusion gene
ETV6/BAZ2A ETV6 (12p13.2) BAZ2A (12q13.3) M t(12;12)(p13;q13)|ETV6/BAZ2A ETV6 (12p13.2) BAZ2A (12q13.3) TIC
Citation
Jean-Loup Huret
t(12;12)(p13;q13) ETV6/BAZ2A
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2013-03-01
Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/haematological/1452/t(12;12)(p13;q13)-etv6-baz2a
