MIR211 (microRNA 211)

2013-05-01   Amir Avan , Mina Maftouh , Godefridus J Peters , Elisa Giovannetti 

Identity

HGNC
LOCATION
15q13.3
LOCUSID
ALIAS
MIRN211,mir-211

DNA/RNA

Atlas Image
Location of miR-211 in chromosome 15q13. This gene is located in the intron 6 of the TRPM1 gene within 31357235-31357344 bp. The mature miR-211 is 22 nucleotides long.

Description

miR-211 is located in the intron 6 of TRPM1 gene at 15q13, which is transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

Transcription

The primary transcript contains of 110 nucleotides (TCACCTGGCC ATGTGACTTG TGGGCTTCCC TTTGTCATCC TTCGCCTAGG GCTCTGAGCA GGGCAGGGAC AGCAAAGGGG TGCTCAGTTG TCACTTCCCA CAGCACGGAG) which is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme into 2 products, hsa-miR-211-5p (26-47 bp) and hsa-miR-211-3p (63-83 bp). This miRNA is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to the mature miR-211 sequence (5-UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUUCGCCU-3) with stem-loop shape. In general, the mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), that can target mRNA through imperfect base pairing, leading to translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA.

Pseudogene

No reported pseudogenes.

Proteins

Note

This miRNA is not translated into amino acids.

Implicated in

Entity name
Pancreatic cancer
Note
Giovannetti and collaborators, recently identified miR-211 as a prognostic factor in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients using high-throughput microarray analysis of more than 1200 human miRNAs in PDAC patients classified in short-term overall survivors versus long-term survivors (Giovannetti et al., 2012). This study evaluated 26 PDAC patients with homogeneous clinicopathological characteristics that underwent resection with curative intent and were treated with standard gemcitabine adjuvant regimen. The miRNA microarray analysis was carried out in 19 samples that passed the RNA quality criterion, including 13 patients with short survival and 6 patients with long survival. These results illustrated that patients with low miR-211 expression according to median value had a significantly shorter median overall survival compared to patients with high miR-211 expression (OS, 14.8, 95%CI = 13.1-16.5, vs. 25.7 months, 95%CI = 16.2-35.1, log-rank-P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that low miR-211 expression was an independent factor of poor prognosis (hazard ratio 2.3, P = 0.03). The expression of this miRNA was also assessed by quantitative-PCR in an independent cohort of laser-microdissected PDACs from 60 resected patients treated with the same gemcitabine regimen, showing the significant association of miR-211 expression status with both OS and disease-free-survival (DFS).
Entity name
Colorectal cancer
Note
miR-211 has been found to be expressed in colorectal cancer and a recent study showed that over-expression of miR-211 in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 promotes cellular growth in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the expression level of the CHD5 tumor suppressor gene (Cai et al., 2012).
Entity name
Glioblastoma
Note
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with less than one year survival time. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new predictive/prognostic biomarkers that can predict/manage the patients at earlier stages. A recent study showed that miRNA-211 is downregulated in GBM, which might be due to aberrant methylation-mediated epigenetic silencing of the miR-211 promoter. Asuthkar and collaborators showed that miR-211 has an inhibitory effect on glioma cell invasion and migration via suppression of MMP-9 and demethylation of miR-211 promoter-associated CpG islands, which results in insensitivity of some GBMs to radiation and chemotherapy (Asuthkar et al., 2012).
Entity name
Oral carcinoma
Note
High expression of miR-211 has been shown to be associated with the advanced nodal metastasis, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis of oral carcinoma. Chang and colleagues demonstrated that enforced miR-211 expression significantly increased the proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent colony formation of oral carcinoma cells, while it enhanced the tumorigenicity (Chang et al., 2008).
Entity name
Breast cancer
Note
Expression of 455 miRNAs was evaluated in a highly bone metastatic MDA-MB-231 variant, compared to the parental MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. 16 miRNAs (3.5%) were found to have >3-fold expression difference between the two cell types. This study showed that miRNA-211 inhibits TGF-β-induced IL-11 production by binding to its 3 UTR in bone metastatic breast cancer cells (Pollari et al., 2012).
Entity name
Melanoma
Note
Several studies showed that miR-211 is downregulated in melanoma and has been found to act as a tumour suppressor. In particular, Xu and collaborators performed miRNA microarray expression in 52 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from different stages of melanomagenesis and 15 cell lines. They showed that expression of miR-211 was down-regulated in melanoma cells and melanoblasts compared to melanocytes, and upregulation of miR-211 could lead to suppression of tumor invasion in melanoma (Levy et al., 2010; Mazar et al., 2010; Xu et al,. 2012).
Entity name
Cervical cancer
Note
In cervical cancer, miR-211 has been shown to be upregulated, while inhibition of this miRNA decreased the growth of Hela cells (Cheng et al., 2005).
Entity name
Stroke risk
Note
Brain vascular leaking and inflammation has been reported as two important pathological processes of stroke. Angiopoietin-1 is a vascular strengthening factor which acts a protective factor for pathological vascular inflammation and leakage. The rs2507800 variant is located in the miR-211-binding site of angiopoietin-1, Cheng and colleagues evaluated the effect of the variant on angiopoietin-1 translation. They showed that the A allele of rs2507800 inhibited angiopoietin-1 translation by facilitating miR-211 binding. Furthermore they assessed the association of the variant with stroke in 438 stroke patients and 890 controls, and replicated in an independent population of 1791 stroke patients and 1843 controls. These results illustrated that the TT genotype (rs2507800) in the 3-UTR of angiopoietin-1 could reduce the risk of stroke by interacting with miR-211 binding (Chen et al., 2010).
Entity name
Human retinal pigment epithelium
Note
Wang and collaborators identified the critical role of miR-211 in maintaining epithelial barrier function and cell physiology in human retinal pigment epithelium. Moreover they found that miR-211 is one of the most highly expressed microRNAs in human retinal pigment epithelium. Expression of this miRNA was significantly lower in the NCI60 tumor cell line panel compared with 13 normal tissues (Wang et al., 2010).

Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
231838222012Epigenetic regulation of miRNA-211 by MMP-9 governs glioma cell apoptosis, chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity.Asuthkar S et al
222353382012MicroRNA-211 expression promotes colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting tumor suppressor CHD5.Cai C et al
189460162008Association between high miR-211 microRNA expression and the poor prognosis of oral carcinoma.Chang KW et al
203786062010A functional variant in the 3'-UTR of angiopoietin-1 might reduce stroke risk by interfering with the binding efficiency of microRNA 211.Chen J et al
157411822005Antisense inhibition of human miRNAs and indications for an involvement of miRNA in cell growth and apoptosis.Cheng AM et al
231554572012High-throughput microRNA (miRNAs) arrays unravel the prognostic role of MiR-211 in pancreatic cancer.Giovannetti E et al
211094732010Intronic miR-211 assumes the tumor suppressive function of its host gene in melanoma.Levy C et al
210721712010The regulation of miRNA-211 expression and its role in melanoma cell invasiveness.Mazar J et al
226293852012Identification of microRNAs inhibiting TGF-β-induced IL-11 production in bone metastatic breast cancer cells.Pollari S et al
200567172010MicroRNA-204/211 alters epithelial physiology.Wang FE et al
222230892012Differential expression of microRNAs during melanoma progression: miR-200c, miR-205 and miR-211 are downregulated in melanoma and act as tumour suppressors.Xu Y et al

Other Information

Locus ID:

NCBI: 406993
MIM: 613753
HGNC: 31588
Ensembl: ENSG00000207702
miRBase:

Variants:

dbSNP: 406993
ClinVar: 406993
TCGA: ENSG00000207702
COSMIC: MIR211

RNA/Proteins

References

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
210721712010The regulation of miRNA-211 expression and its role in melanoma cell invasiveness.71
231838222012Epigenetic regulation of miRNA-211 by MMP-9 governs glioma cell apoptosis, chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity.61
214351932011Melanoma cell invasiveness is regulated by miR-211 suppression of the BRN2 transcription factor.57
222353382012MicroRNA-211 expression promotes colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting tumor suppressor CHD5.50
225230782012Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) promotes differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by regulating microRNAs-204/211 expression.40
239340652014Transcription factor/microRNA axis blocks melanoma invasion program by miR-211 targeting NUAK1.40
240399542013New target genes of MITF-induced microRNA-211 contribute to melanoma cell invasion.35
258899272015miR-211 suppresses epithelial ovarian cancer proliferation and cell-cycle progression by targeting Cyclin D1 and CDK6.35
287205462017The lncRNA NEAT1 facilitates cell growth and invasion via the miR-211/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer.32
237268412013miR-211 promotes the progression of head and neck carcinomas by targeting TGFβRII.29

Citation

Amir Avan ; Mina Maftouh ; Godefridus J Peters ; Elisa Giovannetti

MIR211 (microRNA 211)

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2013-05-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/50533/mir211