PRKCI (protein kinase C, iota)

Alias_names	DXS1179E
	protein kinase C, iota
Alias_symbol (synonym)	PKCI
Other alias	nPKC-iota
HGNC (Hugo)	PRKCI
LocusID (NCBI)	5584
Atlas_Id	41857
Location	3q26.2  [Link to chromosome band 3q26]
Location_base_pair	Starts at 170222432 and ends at 170305982 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009)  [Mapping PRKCI.png]
Local_order	The PRKCI gene is located between the polyhomeotic homolog 3 gene in centromeric position and the SKI-like oncogene in telomeric position (according to GeneLoc).
	Location sequence of PRKCI on Chromosome 3. PRKCI gene is indicated by red arrow.

	Exon-intron structure of the PRKCI gene. Blue vertical bars correspond to exons, green bar represents 5'UTR and orange 3'UTR.
Description	The PRKCI gene is composed of 18 exons and spans 83618 bases on the plus strand.
Transcription	The PRKCI transcript (NM_002740) contains 4884 bases and the open reading frame spans from 239 to 2029.
Pseudogene	There is a single exon pseudogene mapped on chromosome X.

	Schematic diagram showing the domain structure of PKCι. PB-1 Phox-Bem1; PS: auto-inhibitory pseudosubstrate sequence.
Description	PKCι consist of 596 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 68262 Da. PKCι is a member of the PKCs, a diverse family of lipid dependent serine/threonine kinases. PKCι activity can be regulated by lipid second messengers (ceramide, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-P3, and phosphatidic acid), phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1), tyrosine phosphorylation and specific protein-protein interactions. The PB1 domain within the N-terminal regulatory domain mediates protein-protein interactions between PKCι and other PB1 domain containing proteins such as ZIP/p62 (Hirano et al., 2004; Puls et al., 1997), Par-6 (partitioning-defective 6) (Joberty et al., 2000; Lin et al., 2000; Noda et al., 2001; Qiu et al., 2000) and MEK5 (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5) (Diaz-Meco and Moscat, 2001; Hirano et al., 2004). In the inactive state, the PKCι PS is positioned in the substrate binding cavity in the kinase domain and is displaced upon PKCι activation. Phosphatidylserine binds the C1 domain to anchor PKCι to the membrane. The PKCι catalytic domain is subdivided into the C3 and C4 domains that mediate ATP-binding and substrate binding.
Expression	PKCι is widely expressed with varying levels in different tissues (Selbie et al., 1993).
Localisation	PKCι is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. PKCι is translocated to the cell membrane in response to second messengers and colocalizes with p62/ZIP in lysosome-targeted endosomes (Sanchez et al., 1998). Src phosphorylation leads to translocation of PKCι into the nucleus (White et al., 2002) where it forms a complex with Cdk7 (Win and Acevedo-Duncan, 2008).
Function	PKCι is a lipid-dependent, serine/threonine kinase. PKCι participates a number of signaling pathways that regulate cell survival (Sanz et al., 1999; Wooten et al., 1999; Xie et al., 2000), differentiation (Wooten et al., 2000), polarity (Joberty et al., 2000), and microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway (Tisdale, 2002).
Homology	PRKCI is highly evolutionarily conserved. PKCι and PKCζ exhibit 72% overall amino acid sequence homology and 86% identity within the kinase domain. PKCι shows less homology with the other PKC isoform, with less than 53% identity in the highly conserved catalytic domain (Selbie et al., 1993).

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